The Color Purple By Alice Walker Essay - 1217 Words

From the 1980 s to the present, African-American queer authors have progressively discarded their shame in order embark on sexual liberation. In considering Alice Walker s The Color Purple, Cheryl Duyne s The Watermelon Woman, and Ross Gay s Unabashed Catalogue of Gratitude, it is clear that these authors show a progressively unashamed embrace of same-sex desires while considering their position in the African American community. In the novel The Color Purple, Alice Walker spoke quite prudently of homosexuality itself. The Color Purple fought against the oppression in a way where African American and LGBTQ community were scrutinized in the American society. At a time where African Americans were being racially segregated and discriminated against, the term homosexual was beyond far fetch and this was evidently shown in her novel. This was apparent as her two characters carried on a secret affair. For example, the romantic relationship between Celie and Shug Avery. Walker illustrates two remarkable friends through the course of their sexual relationship created an extraordinary bond with resulted in a discovery of selfless love. The sexual relationship between Celie and Shug was vaguely unique for its time because it’s seen however barely mentioned. As noted, the moment Shug guards the door and afraid to get caught by Mr__, as Celie masturbates for the very first time. And the very moment Harpo and Mr__ approaches, Celie states â€Å"and I yank up my drawers and yankShow MoreRelatedThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1355 Words   |  6 PagesDecember, 2015 Just A Single Purple Wildflower In A Field Of Weeds Alice walker once said, â€Å"No person is your friend (or kin) who demands your silence, or denies your right to grow and be perceived as fully blossomed as you were intended. Or who belittles in any fashion the gifts you labor so to bring into the world.† The color purple has timelessly been used to convey pictures of power and ambition, it is also associated with the feeling of independence. The Color Purple is the story of the constantRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker710 Words   |  3 PagesThe Series of unfortunate events in The Color Purple The Color Purple by Alice Walker starts off with a rather graphic view of a young black woman denominated as Celie. Celie has to learn how to survive her abusive past. She also has to figure out a way she can release her past in search of the true meaning of love. Alice walker wrote this book as an epistolary novel to further emphasize Celie`s life events. From the beginning of the novel Alice Walker swiftly establishes an intimate contact withRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker1192 Words   |  5 Pagesas a novel containing graphic violence, sexuality, chauvinism, and racism, The Color Purple was banned in numerous schools across the United States. Crude language, brutality, and explicit detail chronicle the life of Celie, a young black woman exposed to southern society’s harshness. While immoral, the events and issues discussed in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple remain pervasive in today’s society. The Color Purple epitomizes the hardships that African A mericans faced at the turn of the centuryRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker675 Words   |  3 Pagesthe world exist for their own reasons. They were not made for humans any more than black people were made for white, or women created for men.† Straight from the mouth of Alice Walker this quote was spoken in order to point out that fact that none of God’s creatures were put on this Earth to be someone else’s property. Alice Walker is an African-American novelist and poet who took part in the 1960’s civil rights movement in Mississippi. Walkers creative vision was sparked by the financial sufferingRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker921 Words   |  4 PagesAlice Walker’s realistic novel, The Color Purple revolves around many concerns that both African American men and women faced in an era, where numerous concerns of discrimination were raised. Religious and gender issues are confronted by the main characters which drive the plot and pa int a clear image of what life may possibly have been like inside an African American home. Difficulties were faced by each and every character specifically Celie and Nettie who suffered heavy discrimination throughoutRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1540 Words   |  7 Pages Alice Walker is an award winning   author, most famously recognized for her novel   The Color Purple ;aside from being a novelist Walker is also a poet,essayist and activist .Her writing explores various social aspects as it concerns women and also celebrates political as well as social revolution. Walker has gained the reputation of being a prominent spokesperson and a symbolic figure for black feminism. Proper analyzation   of Walker s work comes from the   knowledge on her early life, educationalRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker3360 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender† (Yahwon). Alice Walker views herself as a womanist. Although a womanist and feminist are similar, the two terms are not exactly the same. According to Professor Tamara Baeouboeuf-Lafonant: [Womanism] focuses on the experiences and knowledge bases of black women [which] recognizes and interrogates the social realities of slavery, segregation, sexism, and economic exploitation this group has experienced during its history in the United States. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Color Purple by Alice Walker is a story written in 1982 that is about the life struggles of a young African American woman named Celie. The novel takes the reader through several main topics including the poor treatment of African American women, domestic abuse, family relationships, and also religion. The story takes place mostly in rural Georgia in the early 1900’s and demonstrates the difficult life of sharecropper families. Specifically how life was endured from the perspective of an AfricanRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker926 Words   |  4 PagesThe award-winning novel, â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker, is a story about a woman going through cruel things such as: incest, rape, and physical abuse. This greatly written novel comes from a very active feminist author who used many of her own experiences, as well as things that were happening during that era, in her writing. â€Å"The Color Purple† takes place in the early 1900s, and symbolizes the economic, emotional, and social deprivation that African American women faced in Southern statesRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Color Purple, is a novel written by the American author Alice Walker. The novel won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and is also regarded to be her most successful piece of work. It has developed into an award winning film and was recently made into a Broadway play. The story continues to impress readers throughout the decades due to its brutal honesty. The novel successfully and truthfully demonstrates what life was like for black women during the early twentieth century. The book discusses

Strategic (SWOT, Five Forces) Analysis of Glaxosmithkline Free Essays

string(133) " five forces that can be used to analyze a company’s \(for instance GlaxoSmithKline\) framework and business strategy development\." Abstract GlaxoSmithKline is an English pharmaceutical, vaccine, biologics, and consumer healthcare company with its headquarters in Brentford, London. The establishment of this company was as a result of the 2000 merger between Glaxo Wellcome plc with SmithKline Beecham plc. Going by the 2009 prescription drug sales recorded across the nation, it is the fourth largest pharmaceutical company by ranking (Robson, 2013, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic (SWOT, Five Forces) Analysis of Glaxosmithkline or any similar topic only for you Order Now 63). As of July 2012, it was ranked fifth among the FTSE 100 companies with a market capitalization of ?74.8 billion. The company, also a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, is also listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Anon., 2003, p. 785). The company has had to face ardent competition from such rivals as Pfizer and Sanofi especially following the July 2012 guilty plea to criminal incriminations in the USA due to the marketing of the company’s antidepressants- both Wellbutrin and Paxil- for unauthorized uses, failure to report safety data on Avandia and wrongful sales and marketing of Advair (BBC, 2012; Thomas Schmidt, 2012). The total fine for these charges was an astounding $3 billion. Introduction Competition is an important aspect in the business world. Every organization wants to dominate the global market and become a market leader and trendsetter by beating its competitors through the production of higher quality, as well as superior, products. Market domination entirely depends on customers’ trust towards an organization and the services or products it offers. Various forces play a role in the determination of the success of an organization and the type of rapport that it creates with the clients and customers. Providing quality products at affordable prices should be considered in order to achieve advantage in the global market (Armstrong, 2011, p. 45). In addition, an organization needs to evaluate its strength and weakness for efficient operations. Such considerations and evaluations are imperative in the formulation of plans, goals and objectives since they aid in defining the successes or failures of a company in the market in relation to its competitors. This report is based on the SWOT and PORTER analysis of GlaxoSmithKline; considering its strengths and weaknesses that aid or hinder it from competing within its industry effectively. GlaxoSmithKline SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis technique can be used to identify the internal strengths and weaknesses of GlaxoSmithKline (Armstrong, 2011, p. 46). The environmental opportunities and strengths facing GlaxoSmithKline can also be identified using the SWOT analysis technique. A good technique is one that maximizes on the company’s opportunities and strengths, and minimizes on its threat and weaknesses. Highlighting these key aspects of the company not only aids in the portrayal of it s market position, as wells help to explain on the reasons for this position, but also it provides a platform for the evaluation of the various steps and plans that can be effected to improve on market performance in terms of sales and revenues (Anon., 2011, p. 32). Strengths of GlaxoSmithKline The vast resources and funds available to the company enable it to employ a strong sales and marketing team. The strong sales and marketing infrastructure of GlaxoSmithKline positions it to be the marketing choice for customers. This is on the back of vigorous marketing and public relations campaigns undertaken by the company through print and tele-visual media. Apart from being one of the world’s top 5 pharmaceutical companies (Torun, 2007, p 2), it is also UK’s biggest funder and investor in research and development. It has dominated the chemistry industry through efficient resource utilization and manufacturing. It has over 97000 employees who effectively focus on and explore new markets (Healy Palepu, 2010, p. 54). Consequently, this has continued to play as a major strength for the company, especially after the criminal charges faced in the USA, through which it has embarked on sales, marketing and public relations efforts. Weaknesses of GlaxoSmithKline Increased productivity leads to numerous cases of expired bulk-buster products. Issues of safety of drugs used by customers raise controversies for the company’s image. Research and development strategies may also fail to deliver the required expectation. These are no different problems that the company has had to battle through the years. Owing to the mass production it engages in, the company has, time and again had to call back some of the products due to quality, quantity or even expiry date issues (Anon., 2011, p. 58; Bass, 2008, p. 89). This has served a major blow to the company’s efforts by denting its record and public image. Opportunities for GlaxoSmithKline It has the opportunity to move into oncology market, biologics, segments and specific antibodies specialization. The opportunity to facilitate potential mergers and acquisitions through its strong cash flow position is highly advantageous. In addition, there has also been increased awareness and demand for healthcare solutions globally. The company was established through a merger of various smaller companies (Anon., 2011, p. 2). As a result, it has continued to develop top-notch laboratories while simultaneously amassing vast amounts of resources, funds and wealth. This serves as an epic opportunity for it to exploit to expand into new markets and products and also force through mergers, acquisitions, as well amalgamations for it to expand its operations and clients’ base (GlaxoSmithKline plc, n.d.). Threats for GlaxoSmithKline There is high risk of unsuccessful new products due to inadequate awareness of consumers. Environmental regulations have become more strict, precise and exacting nowadays. The possibility of economic slowdown in markets in European countries poses significant threats. The company has also been constantly facing the threat of new conventional forms of medicine, herbal medicine, which has been proven to be more effective and has lesser side effects (Jarvis, 2006, p. 14). The fact that the company has started exhibiting complacency in its operations due to the synonymous market leadership it holds also serves as a chief threat as explicated in the USA where new drugs were introduced without following all the rules (Robson, 2013, p. 55). GlaxoSmithKline’s PORTER Analysis The PORTER analysis constitutes five forces that can be used to analyze a company’s (for instance GlaxoSmithKline) framework and business strategy development. You read "Strategic (SWOT, Five Forces) Analysis of Glaxosmithkline" in category "Essay examples" The five forces considered include bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, rivalry with competitors, and threats of substitutes and new entrants (Dhar, 2008, pp 17). These forces are imperative in the analysis of the existing competitive intensity in a market since a company, in this case GlaxoSmithKline, is able to determine how competitors are acting and thus the attractiveness of this market. For GlaxoSmithKline, the market is very lucrative as attested to by the huge number of profits raked in annually. This in turn implies that the possibility of new entrants into the market is very high and the company has to be constantly monitoring how it responds to competitors activities to maintain its market position (Torun, 2 007, p. 34). Threats of New Entrants for GlaxoSmithKline The cost required to enter the pharmaceutical market is quite high due to extensive research and development needed in the industry. As a result, GlaxoSmithKline has limited worry due to threats of new entrants. The government impacts strict rules to companies wishing to enter the drugs industry. High chances of products expiry act as barriers to new entrants. GlaxoSmithKline has also established a strong brand name with customers thereby eliminating several competitors (Torun, 2007, p. 45). However, the profitability of this market has in the recent past attracted myriads of smaller firms into the industry. This has been mainly through the formation of bigger corporations through mergers, acquisitions and amalgamations of smaller firms. Eventually, GlaxoSmithKline will have to deal with these new developments in order to capitalize on the robust brand name it has built and counter the threat of new entrants into the market (Anon., 2011, p. 99). Threat of Substitutes for GlaxoSmithKline Generic brand medication is the main substitution for pharmaceutical companies like GlaxoSmithKline. Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) is one of the products substitute to GlaxoSmithKline (Reuters, 2010). These substitutes deliver same products to customers except that they use different brand names and prices. These new forms of contemporary medicine are a major threat for this company since they have been found to be much safer and cheaper in comparison to conventional medicine (Healy Palepu, 2010, p. 77). For this reason, GlaxoSmithKline faces a major threat with the increased proliferation of this form of medicine. Bargaining Power of Buyers in GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline spends most of its research and development techniques to produce high quality and transparent products. As a result, there is a small significant threat of buyers to GlaxoSmithKline. Major consumers of their products include patients, doctors, hospitals, pharmacists and other healthcare facilities (GlaxoSmithKline plc, n.d.). The power of buyers is small considering their numbers in the market. The fact that GlaxoSmithKline is also among the top pharmaceutical companies globally has cemented this fact by availing funds, latest forms of technology and manpower to the company. Buyers, therefore, do not pose any threat to the company for they have limited bargaining power. Being an oligopolistic form of market, sellers, such as GlaxoSmithKline, control the prices in the industry (Bass, 2008, p. 67). Bargaining Power of Suppliers in GlaxoSmithKline The main suppliers include raw materials and labor providers, study staff, clinical officers, and investigators of production, distribution and marketing (Jarvis, 2006, p. 87). They can easily impose huge threats to GlaxoSmithKline by withholding or reducing the quality of supplies. GlaxoSmithKline has a clean history of treating their suppliers well by meeting their demands. The company also offers excellent remuneration to it employees. The company maintains a clean record in meeting all contractual requirements and terms with its suppliers (Griffin, 2012, p. 45). This has rendered it in pole position in dictating terms with its suppliers. Thence, suppliers wield minimal bargaining power, quashing the threat of altogether. GlaxoSmithKline’s Rivalry with Competitors Government policies and regulations in pharmaceutical industries are strict thereby limiting number of competitors. The large industry size enables GlaxoSmithKline to prosper without necessarily stealing the market from other competitors (Bass, 2008, p. 23; Thomas Schmidt, 2012). Pharmaceutical industries grow rapidly thereby generating quicker revenue and in the long run reducing competition. Due to this, GlaxoSmithKline uses planning and foresight to position itself for long term success in the world of competition. Furthermore, pharmaceutical industry requires costly extensive research and development techniques which limit number of competitors (Torun, 2007, p. 32). Conclusion and Recommendations Gaining advantages in the world of competition requires high quality product delivery using appropriate techniques. GlaxoSmithKline, for example, should focus to eliminate its weaknesses and threats so as to achieve competitive advantages. They should do this by improving their strengths and taking great advantages in their opportunities. They should organize several campaigns that address issues of security and safety of drug use through media and internets. Production of adequate (but not excess) products reduces high chances of products expiries. Highly qualified personnel in the field of research and development will ensure required expectation in researches. To combat the problem of Europe’s economic slowdown, they should focus on global production by extending their market all over the world. The cost used to improve these recommendations can easily be recovered from high profits achieved from sales of new improved products. To summarize, GlaxoSmithKline should add these recommendations to their strategies hence enable them compete effectively in the pharmaceutical market. Reference List Anon., 2003. About GlaxoSmithKline. Nature, 422(6933), pp. 783-800. Anon., 2011. GlaxoSmithKline Case Study Through Mergers Acquisitions to Success.. 1st ed. S.l.: Datamonitor Plc. Armstrong, M., 2011. Armstrong’s handbook of strategic human resource management. 5th ed. London: Kogan Page. Bass, A., 2008. Side Effects: A Prosecutor, a Whistleblower, and a Bestselling Antidepressant on Trial,. 1st ed. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. BBC, 2012. GlaxoSmithKline to pay $3bn in US drug fraud scandal. [Online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-18673220 [Accessed 11 February 2014]. GlaxoSmithKline plc, n.d. What we do. [Online] Available at: http://www.gsk.com/about-us/what-we-do.html [Accessed 11 February 2014]. Griffin, R. W., 2012. Fundamentals of management. 6th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Healy, P. M. Palepu, K. G., 2010. Business analysis and valuation: IFRS edition, text only. 2nd ed. Hampshire [etc.: Thomson. Jarvis, L., 2006. BIOPHARMACEUTICALS GlaxoSmithKline Forges Into Biologies. Chemical Engineering News, 84(51), p. 14. Reuters, 2010. FACTBOX-The 20 largest pharmaceutical companies. [Online] Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/26/pharmaceutical-mergers-idUSN2612865020100326 [Accessed 10 February 2014]. Robson, K., 2013. Service-ability create a customer centric culture and gain competitive advantage. 1st ed. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley. Thomas, K. Schmidt, M. S., 2012. Glaxo Agrees to Pay $3 Billion in Fraud Settlement. [Online] Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/03/business/glaxosmithkline-agrees-to-pay-3-billion-in-fraud-settlement.html?_r=0 [Accessed 10 February 2014]. Torun, F., 2007. Novartis – an internal scanning of a pharmaceutical company. 1st ed. Munchen: GRIN Verlag GmbH. How to cite Strategic (SWOT, Five Forces) Analysis of Glaxosmithkline, Essay examples

Business Law and Ethics Napster Case free essay sample

Table of content Table of content pages Introduction.. 1 The internet piracy Napster case and other peer to peer system.. 1-3 What should be done to stop internet piracy or make it useful for companies 3-4 Conclusion. References 5 INTRODUCTION During the year 2000 a very big controversial case was judged in the northern district court of California in the united state of America . several recording companies were suing a company known as Napster for contributory and vicarious copyright infringement under the US digital millennium copyright act (DMCA). Napster was created by Shawn fanning and Sean parker in 1999. It was basically a peer to peer system, a peer to peer system is a system which allows internet users to share directly files rather than use a website or a directory in the case of Napster it was a peer to peer system specializes only on mp3 music. This system made it easy for user to download copies of songs that were otherwise very difficult to obtain. This system was a real problem for the recording company because people obtained latest songs without spending any money and that was a huge lost for the artist and the recording companies that what leads the Napster case to the court. A copyright refers to the laws that regulate the use of the work of a creator such as an artist or an author. This includes copying, distributing, altering and displaying creative, literary and other types of work. Unless written on a contract, the author of a work detains the copyright of his work. Copyright infringement is the unauthorized or unlicensed copying of a work subject to copyright and that is what Napster have been accused of. Napster defence was based on the fact that it was just a peer to peer system so its role was just to link users who wanted to share songs and that they did not stock any music in their system so they were not responsible for copyright infringement even with this argument Napster lost the case and shut down in 2001. The Napster case shows how it is easy nowadays to access to music illegally through the internet without spending any money. The real question here is how to stop this type of activity, what should be employed to stop them and try to keep the internet more secure for the copyright holders. THE INTERNET PIRACY NAPSTER CASE AND OTHER PEER TO PEER SYSTEM Piracy is acquired something illegally. In this case it is about acquired illegally an intellectual property. An intellectual property is a skill or knowledge owned by an individual. We can determine three types of intellectual the first one is creative works, including music, written material, movies, and software, which are protected by copyright law; the second one is inventions, which are protected by patent law; and the third one is brand-name products, which are protected by trademarks. Most of the problems about piracy have to do with the difference between intellectual and physical property. A CD, for example, is a physical property, but the songs on the CD are intellectual property. A customer in a record store can purchase a CD, but someone else still owns—or more precisely, has the copyright to—the songs on the CD. Piracy is a huge issue for the entertainment and software companies and usually piracy involves violation of the copyright law. Copyright is a legal right that protects creative works from being reproduced, performed, or disseminated without permission of the copyright owner. Essentially, a copyright gives its owner the exclusive right to make copies of the material in question. Physical piracy involves the copying and the sale of all sort of hard copy like CD, DVD, or videotapes. It is a huge lost for the industry of music over $4 billion a year in the entire world and the film industry as well more than $3. 5 billion. These numbers do not factor in the growing (and difficult to measure) problem of Internet piracy, in which music and movies are transferred to digital format and copies are made of the resulting computer file. Journalist Charles C. Mann explains why Internet piracy has the potential to be vastly more damaging to copyright industries than does physical piracy: To make and distribute a dozen copies of a videotaped film requires at least two videocassette recorders, a dozen tapes, padded envelopes and postage, and considerable patience. And because the copies are tapes of tapes, the quality suffers. But if the film has been digitized into a computer file, it can be E-mailed to millions of people in minutes; because strings of zeroes and ones can be reproduced with absolute fidelity, the copies are perfect. And online pirates have no development costs—they don’t even have to pay for paper or blank cassettes—so they don’t really have a bottom line. Internet piracy was not a problem until the Napster gained the attention in 1999. Napster was created by a college student names Shawn fanning in 1999 it was a service which enable users to share digital music files over the internet. This system used a technology called peer-to-peer network. Peer-to-peer network help the users to link their computers to others computers over the network and share files. Users linked to Napster were able to share files with other and download music from almost any other computer present on the network. Napster claimed to have over 20 million users in July 2000, all of them making copies of each others’ music. By that time, Napster became the centre of a controversy about online file sharing. Part of Napster’s appeal was intertwined with the novelty of digital music: Many technically inclined people enjoyed using computer programs to organize their music collections and also liked being able to â€Å"burn† their own CD mixes. But the truly unprecedented aspect of Napster was that it gave users convenient access to a seemingly unlimited selection of music—for free. A lot of fans and users of Napster did not consider the download of music as piracy; they said that Napster was just helping them to share files and not steal them. They also stated that Napster permitted to independent musician to become well known. A teenager quoted in a June 2000 Newsweek feature on Napster summed up the typical view: â€Å"People don’t think it’s anything bad. . . . Or think about it at all. Meanwhile, the creators of Napster claimed that they were not responsible for what users did with their software. The music industry disagreed. â€Å"What Napster is doing threatens legitimate E-commerce models and is legally and morally wrong,† said Hilary Rosen, then-president of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the trade group that represents the U. S. music industry. Several record la bels filed suit against Napster in December 1999, and after months of hearings, Napster was eventually shut down in July 2001. To the frustration of the music industry, other file-sharing services emerged to take Napster’s place. ome did not get the success of Napster but others like such as Scour, Grokster, Morpheus, and Audio galaxy, were targeted by copyright-infringement lawsuits. In late 2003 one of the most popular file-sharing services was Kazaa. Although Kazaa and other file-sharing services allow users to share movie files and software as well as music, the music industry has led the fight against online file sharing. The RIAA and other organizations representing the music industry blame online file sharing for the 26 percent fall in global CD sales that occurred between 1999 and 2003. Many factors, including a sluggish economy and a lack of exciting pop music releases may be responsible for the decline, but as reporters Kenneth Terrell and Seth Rosen note, â€Å"digital piracy undoubtedly plays a role. † Kazaa is directed by Sharman Networks which is locates on Vanuatu a south pacific island and is thus less bound by U. S laws. Kazaa and others like him use decentralized peer-to-peer networks than Napster did and therefore are more difficult to eliminate they can’t be stopped by just closing some servers like they did for Napster. Because of that the music companies focus now on individual file sharer than the peer to peer networks they use. In April 2003, for example, the recording industry sued four university students in federal court, accusing them of making thousands of songs available online for illegal downloading over P2P networks. The RIAA took a much larger step in September 2003, when it filed lawsuits against hundreds of Kazaa users, threatening them with penalties of thousands of dollars per copyrighted work that was shared online. We’ve been telling people for a long time that file sharing copyrighted music is illegal, that you are not anonymous when you do it, and that engaging in it can have real consequences,† said RIAA president Cary Sherman. She added, â€Å"Nobody likes playing the heavy and having to resort to litigation, but when your product is being regularly stolen, there comes a time when you have to take appropriate action. † The RIAA proposed to drop the lawsuits if the accused promised to stop sharing copyrighted music online. he file of these lawsuits was possible because of The June 2003 court ruling that said that Internet service providers (ISPs) were legally obligated to reveal the names of alleged file sharers. But in December 2003 the U. S Court of appeals for the district of Columbia circuit change the ruling saying that ISP are not forced to reveal the identities of their customers. However the ruling does not make file sharing legal but seriously stop the music companies’ of targeting individual file sharers. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO STOP THE INTERNET PIRACY OR TO MAKE IT USEFUL FOR THE COMPANIES. Many critics of the music industry’s hard-line stance against online file sharing have argued that record companies need to embrace digital music. Some legal online store like Itunes started to sell song and many people buy these song this suggest many people are ready to pay for the services these companies offer. Digital music sales may therefore offer a partial fix for the music industry’s woes. However, despite the efforts to fight it and the alternatives that are being offered, online file sharing remains rampant. An estimated 2. billion music files are downloaded through P2P networks each month, and more than four hundred thousand movies are downloaded each day. These figures will probably rise as computers become more powerful and broadband Internet access becomes more widespread. The augmentation on file sharing on the internet show how new technologies bring huge issues for copyright law. With the internet and the new computers information can now circulate eas ily than before, but all the copyright system depends of the ability from the copyright holders to control the transmission of information principally control who can access and use their work. The defender of internet file sharing think that since internet completely changed the access to information the law need to change as well. John Perry Barlow, a cofounder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, has argued that â€Å"copyright’s not about creation, which will happen anyway—it’s about distribution. † Applying this view to online music sharing, a few defenders of online sharing files say that copyright law is not designed to protect musicians because these one do not spend a lot of money to create song ,but copyright law serve record companies, who invest a lot of money to produce thousands of CDs. Record companies, according to this logic, benefit society by helping to distribute creators’ work, and the law should enable them to make a profit in doing so. But, the argument goes, since the Internet has made transmitting information almost free and thus made CDs largely unnecessary as a means of distributing music, record companies are no longer necessary—and neither are the laws that make copying songs illegal. CONCLUSION The idea that the internet made or will make copyright law unnecessary is very present nowadays especially with the venue of the online sharing system if some people think this practice should be banned other think that the recording companies should integrated this system and make it profitable for them and it was the case for apple with the iTunes system, however piracy is still present and continue to grow so the real issue here is to find an effective solution to protect intellectual or other properties because at the moment it is not the case. eferences www. internet-law-library. com www. findlaw. com law and internet third edition, by Lilian Edwards and Charlotte Waelde, 2009

Atomic Bomb Use essays

Atomic Bomb Use essays In 1945, the world was changed forever by the first use of the atomic bomb against civilians. This may have been the single most defining event in the twentieth century. Now, the world really could be potentially destroyed, and one false move by government officials could mean the end. This new brand of warfare was first used by the United States against the Japanese in an effort to end the war between the two nations. Yet was the use of this bomb really necessary? This question alone raises several other questions, and this essay will deal with a few specific ones, using Gar Alperovitzs novel The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb as a source. First, why did the United States drop the atomic bomb on the residents of two Japanese cities? According to proponents of the bomb, the reason was to end the war against the Japanese. However, Japan was already in deep trouble as it was. The country was running out of agricultural and industrial power by 1945, and its leaders were starting to accept the reality that they would not be able to win the war. On page 334, Aplerovitz notes that Henry H. Arnold stated in his memoirs that it always appeared to us, atomic bomb or no atomic bomb, the Japanese were already on the verge of collapse. One exception to Japanese surrender was that they wanted to keep their form of government, but the fact that the United States was not clear on the terms of surrender delayed the whole process. All these factors seem to show that Japan would probably have surrendered without the use of the bomb. In fact, several advisors to Truman have said that a mere demonstration of the bomb would probably have done the trick. L. Louis Strauss, the soon to be president of the Atomic Energy Commission, proposed that, the weapon should be demonstrated over some area accessible to the Japanese observers, where its effects would be dramatic (Alperovitz, pg. 332). Yet Truman still decid...

Free Essays on Powering Veitnam

The Vietnam War The Vietnam War is truly one of the most unique wars ever fought by the Unites States of by any country. It was never officially declared a war (Knowll, 3). It had no official beginning nor an official end. It was fought over 10,000 miles away in a virtually unknown country. The enemy and the allies looked exactly the alike, and may by day be a friend but by night become an enemy (Aaseng 113). It matched the tried and true tactics of World War Two against a hide, run, and shoot technique known as "Guerrilla Warfare." It matched some of the best trained soldiers in the world against largely an untrained militia of untrained farmers. The United States’ soldiers had at least a meal to look forward to unlike the Communist Vietnamese soldiers who considered a fine cuisine to be cold rice and, if lucky, rat meat. The Vietnam War matched the most technically advanced country with one of the least advanced, and the lesser advanced not only beat but humiliated the stron gest military in the world (Aaseng, 111). When the war was finally showing signs of end, the Vietnamese returned to a newly unified communist country while the United Stated soldiers returned to be called "baby killers", and were often spat upon. With the complexities of war already long overdrawn because of the length of the war it is no wonder the returning solders often left home confused and returned home insane. Through an examination of the Vietnam War, in particular an event know as the My Lai Massacre, and the people involved with both, it can be proven that when the threshold for violence of a person is met or exceeded, the resulting psychological scarring becomes the most prominent reason for war being hell. Although officially, the Vietnam Conflict had neither a beginning nor an end, for the purpose of this paper it can be best examined through the decade the United States was involved: February 6, 1965 - August 30, 1975. During World War Two the Frenc... Free Essays on Powering Veitnam Free Essays on Powering Veitnam The Vietnam War The Vietnam War is truly one of the most unique wars ever fought by the Unites States of by any country. It was never officially declared a war (Knowll, 3). It had no official beginning nor an official end. It was fought over 10,000 miles away in a virtually unknown country. The enemy and the allies looked exactly the alike, and may by day be a friend but by night become an enemy (Aaseng 113). It matched the tried and true tactics of World War Two against a hide, run, and shoot technique known as "Guerrilla Warfare." It matched some of the best trained soldiers in the world against largely an untrained militia of untrained farmers. The United States’ soldiers had at least a meal to look forward to unlike the Communist Vietnamese soldiers who considered a fine cuisine to be cold rice and, if lucky, rat meat. The Vietnam War matched the most technically advanced country with one of the least advanced, and the lesser advanced not only beat but humiliated the stron gest military in the world (Aaseng, 111). When the war was finally showing signs of end, the Vietnamese returned to a newly unified communist country while the United Stated soldiers returned to be called "baby killers", and were often spat upon. With the complexities of war already long overdrawn because of the length of the war it is no wonder the returning solders often left home confused and returned home insane. Through an examination of the Vietnam War, in particular an event know as the My Lai Massacre, and the people involved with both, it can be proven that when the threshold for violence of a person is met or exceeded, the resulting psychological scarring becomes the most prominent reason for war being hell. Although officially, the Vietnam Conflict had neither a beginning nor an end, for the purpose of this paper it can be best examined through the decade the United States was involved: February 6, 1965 - August 30, 1975. During World War Two the Frenc...

Political Development of Western Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Political Development of Western Europe - Essay Example From the revolution time to the period during the Franco-Prussian war, France had experienced different dictators led by the famous Napoleon and minimal political advancement was made until the emergence of a democracy in the late 19th century (Lecture 2). Germany’s democratization process was even slower in its own unique way because of issues to do with unification of the country in different aspects (Ertman 224). Germany was reunited as a nation in the 19th century coming from disintegration in the period before but even with its unification, its constitution and rule were solely an imagination of the princes and not with the involvement of the people as was the case with other advanced nations like England and the United States. By the end of 19th century, Germany could be said to have achieved a social democracy with dominion of power of the people through labor unions. Britain on the other hand has been on monarchy system of government for the longest time in the 19th ce ntury. Some aspects of democratic governance during this period may be inferred from Britain’s government institutional set up where crucial bodies such as the judiciary, local government and parliament were in place though working under the monarchy administration (Ertman 156). Additionally, an electoral system which could be termed as free and fair existed with desirable frequency of election activities though characterized by discriminative participation only allowing the rich and mighty at the expense of the poor and the common people. Even with successive legislation passed and efforts by the civil society forming social movements such as the... This paper stresses that democracy has been described variously but it basically means the form of political system that is guided by the power of the people. Although Europe was and still is one of the civilized regions of the world in the 19th century, the process of democratization in virtually all countries was complex and challenging and took different dimensions depending on country’s historical orientation politically, economically, and socially. During the period, Britain’s governance system was nearer that of a democracy compared to some other select countries like France and Germany. This report makes a conclusion that countries that encourage democratization must embrace the power of the electorate to influence political and governance decisions through majority rule and guided by the constitution and rule of the law, with eligible citizens given the opportunity to elect their representatives and run for public offices. There should be freedom of expression and worship, promotion of right for access to information, and opportunity to frequently change governments fairly and equitably through periodic elections. Even more, the rule of law as guided by the constitution must be observed and respected to avert inequalities and promote fair treatment for all. The promotion of individual freedom and dignity through human rights is fundamental in any democratic society where laws are set in line with the constitution to ensure that the rights of citizens are observed and respected. Democratic countries usually set up governance institutions to support and oversee effec tive adherence to these democratic principles.

Digital forensic incident response Research Paper

Digital forensic incident response - Research Paper Example Digital forensic investigation is important for productive prosecution of the criminals who engage in digital crimes. It is also useful in recovery of misappropriated resources such as finances, important information and others. The investigators should therefore make sure that they obtain quality forensic evidence which the courts of law require in administering justice. As put forth by Selamat et.al (2008), digital forensic investigation is distinct from digital investigation in that the techniques and procedures that the investigator will use allow the output to be applied in a court of law. In this regard, the researcher ought to consider significant steps to carry out a successful forensic investigation. Our evidence is well hidden in images, codes, encrypted files, missing folders and files among others that need to be cracked so as to reveal the misappropriation. The investigator will collect information on: system sabotage; information related on attacks; hijacks on email; sensitive information; selective information on organized and unorganized crimes; cracking and hacking and other important information (International Journal of Advance Research, 2013). The fact that American Marketing Systems hav e suspected that there is something odd happening in the company provides the platform for investigation to verify the basis of these allegations, establish the culprits and reveal the procedures they are using to skim. In this paper, the investigator presents an extensive report of the existence of the skimming, the culprits and the procedure they use. The investigator will perform information analysis, network intrusion, examine malicious file. He will also use tools which have the ability to crack encrypted files and passwords. Most of forensic audit failure is as a result of lack of proper prior planning. Bearing this in mind, the investigator will spend quality time in planning on the devices which