Elasticity of Demand Essays

Elasticity of Demand Essays Elasticity of Demand Paper Elasticity of Demand Paper The purpose of this essay is to define elasticity of demand, cross-price elasticity, income elasticity, and explain the elastic coefficients for each. I will explain the contrast of and significance of difference between the three. I will also explain whether demand would tend to be more or less elastic for availability of substitutes, share of consumer income devoted to a good, and consumer’s time horizon, and give examples of each. Then, I will explain the logical impacts to business decision making that result from each. Last, I will differentiate between perfectly inelastic demand and perfectly inelastic demand, and illustrate the difference between the terms. Elasticity of demand, also known as price demand elasticity, is defined as the measurement of â€Å"the responsiveness of demand for a product following a change in its own price† (tutor2u. net). Sales may increase when a price goes down. Sales may also decrease when prices go up. Examples of products with elasticity of demand are appliances and cars. When prices go down on cars, more people will buy them. The same can be said for appliances. For necessities such as food and clothes, you will see no significant change in sales with changes in price. This is called inelasticity of demand (business dictionary. com). According to Mike Moffatt, former About. com Guide, the cross-price elasticity of demand measures the rate of response of quantity demanded of a good, due to the price change of another good†. Consumers may purchase more of one good when the price of its substitute increases. If the two goods are complements, meaning, you can’t have one without the other, a rise in the price of one good should cause the demand for both goods to fall. The formula for cross-price demand of elasticity is: (% Change in Quantity Demand for Good )/(% Change in Price for Good ) (economics. about. com). The measurement of how much the demand for goods change, with respect to a change in income, depends on whether the goods are luxuries or necessities. This measurement is known as income elasticity. With the increase of income, the demand for necessities may increase, also, but at a slower rate. Sometimes the increase in income can go toward luxuries. The demand for luxuries tends to increase at a higher rate in response to the increase of income (investopedia. com). Inferior goods have negative income elasticity because if a consumer can go without them, they will stop buying them. According to The Penguin Dictionary of Economics, â€Å"a good that is not inferior is a normal good† (inferior good (2003)). A normal good can become inferior over a period of time. An example of this is when a small apartment that you no longer have the need for because of a growing family. Normal goods have a positive elasticity because the demands for normal goods rise with income. The coefficient of income elasticity measures the percentage in change between two variables. The two variables are demand and income (IED= % change in quantity demanded/ % change in income) (Amosweb. com). Normal necessities and normal luxuries have positive coefficients because income and demand move in the same direction. Although the coefficient for inferior goods is usually negative, they can turn into a positive over a period of time. For example, in a recession, the need for an inferior good may become a necessity, thus increasing the demand for that good (tutor2u. net). The coefficient for cross-price elasticity is the percentage of change in demand of a product (a) /change in price of a product (b) (Wikipedia. org). This formula sometimes yields a negative value due to the relationship between price and quantity demanded. It also depends on if the goods are substitutes or complements. For a substitute, the increase in price for one good (a) will lead to the increase in demand for the other good (b), which makes the value of goods positive (economicsconcepts. com). This depends on if variable (a) is a necessity. In this case, the demand for that good may not change because of a change in price. According to J. Welkers, cross elasticity for complementary goods are negative because an increase in price of a product decreases the demand for that product (welkerswikinomics). The coefficient for elasticity of demand measures the relationship between two variables. A formula for figuring out the coefficient of elasticity of demand is: (percentage change in quantity) / (percentage change in price). The coefficient will be the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a one percent change in price, and will determine is if the demand for a good is elastic (eod1) or inelastic (eod1). Knowing the coefficient for the demand of a product gives a business the edge because they will know when to make adjustments to price in order to increase the demand for a product. Cross-price elasticity, Income elasticity, and Elasticity of demand all have different coefficient ormulas. The difference between cross-price elasticity and income elasticity is that cross-price elasticity measure the percentage of change in demand of a product in relation to change in price, while income elasticity measures changes in demand in relation to changes in income. The difference between these two and elasticity of demand is that elasticity of demand measures the re sponsiveness of demand to a change in price. Elasticity of demand determines whether a company can increase or reduce their price on a product, and is therefore detrimental to a company that is trying to maximize their profits. Cross-price elasticity is similar, because it allows a company to market a product based on an estimate of the profit they believe they will make if they promote the sale of a good that’s already in demand by offering the complement at a discount to the consumer with a purchase. Once the consumer becomes a habitual buyer of the product, they are less sensitive to price changes. Knowing the income elasticity of demand for a good allows a business or firm to determine if a good is elastic or inelastic, meaning it may or not be sensitive to change in income (economics. about. om). These are the three determinants of elasticity demand: Availability of substitutes, share of consumer income devoted to a good, and consumer’s time horizon. â€Å" A good or service is considered to be highly elastic if a slight change in price leads to a sharp change in the quantity demanded or supplied† (investopedia. com). The availability of substitutes is very important because, the m ore substitutes you have the more elastic the demand will be. An example of elasticity of demand in relation to availability of substitutes is having two brands of the same shirt. If the price increases for the name brand shirt, consumers may begin buying the off brand shirt, instead. This leads to elasticity of demand. In order to make a profit, a business would have to increase the price for the good (investopedia. com). The logical impacts to business decision making that result from the availability of substitutes is a business will have to decrease their prices in order to stay competitive in the market. This is as a result of a decrease in demand. In order to reach equilibrium, prices will have to decrease before demand will rise (mindtools. com). The share of a consumer’s income they are willing to devote to a good or service will determine the elasticity of demand for a good. Elasticity of demand will vary, depending on the consumers’ perception of the value of a good. When a price increase on a product has a larger share of the consumer’s income, demand for the product may become more elastic because the consumer may buy less of the product. An example is when the price of paper towels goes up $1 a roll, and you have to reduce the amount you usually buy. But when a price increase only takes a small share of a consumer’s income, the opposite is correct. A consumer will buy more of a product, especially when it’s a brand name that they are true to. It really depends on how much of a jump in price it is, as well. Sometimes, they will just continue to buy the same amount of a good when there is a small increase in price. This makes the demand for a product less elastic because price has no or a relatively small effect on the quantity. A price increase on a good can make it seem more attractive. For example, when the price of gas goes up, consumers will adjust to the price change out of necessity. Price increase will hardly affect the demand for gas. The impact a consumer’s income devoted to a good has on a business’s decision making is when considering a price change, a business will need to know the effect the change in price will have on total revenue (en. wikipedia. org). They will need to estimate how sensitive the consumer will be to a price increases for a good, whether it is a necessity, luxury, normal or inferior good. The effect that a consumer’s time horizon has on elasticity of demand depends on the price elasticity in terms of necessity. If the product is a necessity to a consumer and there is no substitute, the consumer will continue buying that product (tutor2u. net). This makes the product inelastic or less elastic. If the consumer can find a substitute in the long run, and the price remains the same, the product will eventually become more elastic. An example of this is when a consumer faithfully purchases a case of cigarettes every week, but the price has increased by $5 because of a rise in taxes. The consumer’s income cannot support the increase in price. He can either cut back on consumption of this product or look for its substitute if there is any. If the consumer cuts back or stops buying the product as a result of a price increase, the decrease in demand will cause it to become more elastic. The logical impact that consumer time horizon has on a business’ decision making is that it determines the elasticity of demand for a product. If the price increases by even a small percentage, over time the demand will decrease. If there is no substitute for this product, it may still increase in elasticity, but at a slower rate. Perfectly elastic demand and Perfect inelastic demand effect price elasticity. When demand is perfectly elastic, any small decrease in price will increase the quantity supplied, infinitely. This is represented in a horizontal supply curve of the graph below. In contrast, when demand is perfectly inelastic, for any change in price, there is no change in the quantity demanded. This is represented in a vertical supply curve below (pinkmoney. com). The relationship between elasticity of demand and total revenue can aid a firm in setting its price. In relation to inelastic range of a demand curve, a price decrease would decrease total revenue (elasticity of demand (1995)). By increasing prices and minimizing demand, total revenue can be increased. For elastic range, if the price decreases, demand and total revenue will increase. Therefore, a company can maximize profit by decreasing their price if they have an elastic demand. The value of unitary elasticity is exactly 1, and defines a perfect response of quantity to price. If demand is unitary elastic range, change in price will cause the exact change in demand and revenue (amosweb. com). In a unit elastic supply curve, a 10% increase in price yields a 10% increase in quantity; a unit elastic demand curve will have a decrease in quantity of 10% with a price decrease of 10%. Below is a graph referencing the relationship between total revenue and elasticity of demand. (Businessbookmall. com) References amosweb. com/cgi-bin/awb_nav. pl? s=wpdc=dspk=income+elasticity+of+demand amosweb. com/cgi-bin/awb_nav. pl? s=wpdc=dspk=demand+elasticity+and+total+expenditure businessdictionary. com/definition/elasticity-of-demand. html businessbookmall. com/economics_19_how_elasticity_of_demand_affects_total_revenue. htm http://economics. about. com/cs/micfrohelp/a/cross_price_d. htm http://en. wikipedia.

Habits and Traits of Hobo Spiders (Tegenaria agrestis)

Habits and Traits of Hobo Spiders (Tegenaria agrestis) The hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis, is native to Europe, where it is considered harmless. But in North America, where it was introduced, people seem to believe the hobo spider is among the most dangerous creatures we can encounter in our homes. Its time to set the record straight about the hobo spider. Hobo Spider Description The features that distinguish Tegenaria agrestis from other similar-looking spiders are only visible under magnification. Arachnologists identify hobo spiders by examining their genitalia (reproductive organs), chelicerae (mouthparts), setae (body hairs), and eyes with a microscope. Directly stated, you cannot accurately identify a hobo spider by its color, markings, shape, or size, nor can you identify Tegenaria agrestis with the naked eye alone. The hobo spider is generally brown or rust in color, with a chevron or herringbone pattern on the dorsal side of the abdomen. This is not considered a diagnostic trait, however, and cannot be used to identify the species. Hobo spiders are medium in size (up to 15 mm in body length, not including the legs), with females slightly larger than males. Hobo spiders are venomous, but not considered dangerous in their native European range. In North America, hobo spiders have been considered a species of medical concern for the past several decades, although there doesnt seem to be any scientific evidence to support such an assertion about Tegenaria agrestis. No studies have proven that hobo spider venom causes necrosis of the skin in humans, as is often claimed. In fact, there has only been one documented case of a person developing skin necrosis after a hobo spider bite, and that patient had other medical issues also known to cause necrosis. Additionally, spider bites are extremely rare, and hobo spiders are no more inclined to bite a human than any other spider you might encounter. Think You Found a Hobo Spider? If you are concerned that you may have found a hobo spider in your home, there are a few things you can observe  to be sure your mystery spider is not a hobo spider. First, hobo spiders never have dark bands on their legs. Second, hobo spiders dont have two dark stripes on the cephalothorax. And third, if your spider has a shiny orange cephalothorax and smooth, shiny legs, it is not a hobo spider. Classification Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily – AgelenidaeGenus – TegenariaSpecies - agrestis Diet Hobo spiders hunt other arthropods, primarily insects but sometimes other spiders. Life Cycle The hobo spider life cycle is believed to live  as long as three years in inland areas of North America, but just one year in coastal areas. Adult hobo spiders usually die in the fall after reproducing, but some adult females will overwinter. Hobo spiders reach adulthood and sexual maturity in the summer. Males wander in search of mates. When he finds a female in her web, the male hobo spider will approach her with caution so hes not mistaken as prey. He knocks at the funnel entrance by tapping a pattern on her web, and retreats and advances several times until she seems receptive. To finish his courtship of her, the male will add silk to her web. In early fall, mated females produce up to four egg sacs of up to 100 eggs each. The mother hobo spider attaches each egg sac to the underside of an object or surface. The spiderlings emerge the following spring. Special Behaviors and Defenses Hobo spiders belong to the family Agelenidae, known as the funnel-web spiders or funnel weavers. They construct horizontal webs with a funnel-shaped retreat, usually to one side, but sometimes in the center of the web. Hobo spiders tend to stay on or near the ground and wait for prey from within the safety of their silk retreats. Habitat Hobo spiders typically inhabit wood piles, landscape beds, and similar areas where they can construct their webs. When found near structures, theyre often seen in basement window wells or other darker, protected areas near the foundation. Hobo spiders dont usually live indoors, but occasionally make their way into peoples home. Look for them in the darkest corners of the basement, or along the perimeter of the basement floor. Range The hobo spider is native to Europe. In North America, Tenegaria agrestis is well-established in the Pacific Northwest, as well as parts of Utah, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and British Columbia. Other Common Names Some people call this species the aggressive house spider, but there is no truth to this characterization. Hobo spiders are quite docile, and only bite if provoked or cornered. Its believed that someone christened the spider with this misnomer, thinking the scientific name agrestis meant aggressive, and the name stuck. In fact, the name agrestis comes from the Latin for rural. Its also worth noting that an August 2013 analysis of European funnel-web spiders reclassified the hobo spider as Eratigena agrestis. But because this is not yet widely used, weve chosen to use the previous scientific name Tenegaria agrestis for the time being. Sources Vetter, Rick L, and Art Antonelli. How to Identify (and Misidentify) the Hobo Spider. UC Riverside and Washington State University.Hobo Spider.  UC IPM Online,  May 2006.Hobo Spiders (Tenegaria agrestis). Utah State University Extension.Myth: How to Recognize Hobo Spiders.  Burke Museum.Mullen, Gary R, and Lance A. Durden.  Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009.Russell, Richard C, Domenico Otranto, and Richard L. Wall.  The Encyclopedia of Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Wallingford: CABI, 2013.Family Agelenidae - Funnel Weavers. BugGuide.Net.

Meat Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meat Cloning - Essay Example According to Bartholet (2011), the repulsion to meat cloning results from some people’s objection to genetically modified products. The study by Mattick & Allenby (2013) indicates that a fear of potential competition for ranching is what makes people object to meat cloning. This fear is underpinned by the potential that meat cloning has to produce meat in large scale hence the possibility of overtaking and overshadowing conventional meat production. The high cost of establishing meat-cloning technology is the aspect cited by Omholt (2008) and Bartholet (2011) as the important economic consideration to meat cloning. This draws from the scarcity and high cost of the ingredients required to grow meat in the laboratory. Bhat & Bhat (2011) endorse fungi as one of the meat cloning media that can be sustainable. These authors advise that the solution to the high cost of meat cloning lie in the recyclability of the media used. Edwards (2010) propose that technology improvement would b oost the establishment of meat cloning. This is because improved technology would make it more efficient and economical.The current literature documents the moral and economic considerations associated with meat cloning. A few studies propose ways that can help address moral issues separately from economic issues. This study recognizes lack of a single way of addressing both considerations concurrently. It seeks to fill this gap by proposing an integrative approach to addressing these issues.

Discussion Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discussion Responses - Essay Example Doing nothing in such circumstances is often the best solution to the problem. 3. People who are unaware of the systematic methods of decision making, have not developed their critical thinking skills and thus prone to making wrong decisions. People who usually make decisions based on critical analysis have cultivated their critical decision making skills and have more chance of making a correct snap decision if needed. No effective and efficient leader who has honed their decision making skills will rely on repeated snap decisions however because the risks are too high. 4. In order to extract the root cause of any problem I ask myself why it has arisen; the answer to this question will usually lead to another, and then another. I realize that in most instances problems may be attributable to a number of causal links and that the first or most obvious cause is generally not the right one. Sometimes when working in this way to realize the negative cause and effect configurations I find there is more than one root cause to a particular problem. 5. Effective decision makers and problem solvers are people who impart their knowledge with humility - the two go hand-in-hand. A leader who respects the needs, feeling and opinions of others gain respect and commitment from others, and the leader who seeks, acknowledges and considers the input of others in their decision making and problem solving tasks are more likely to acquire the whole picture rather than a one-eyed self opinionated

College INC Essay Example for Free

College INC Essay This film focuses on the ethics of for profit educational institutions. With most of the coverage revolving around what critics characterize as the unethical and disloyal failure to inform students of the huge debt burden they will incur. Also the low graduation and retention rates to which they may fall victim, and the struggle they will likely face to obtain employment after graduation. The Huffington Post reported, that students from for-profit schools are more likely to borrow and drop out than at nonprofit schools. The report also finds that the majority of enrolled students  leave without a degree, half of them within four months. Most of the schools’ money was spent on recruiting, marketing, profiting, and CEO salaries whereas less than 18 percent was spent on instruction. The schools’ chief executive officers made an average of $7. 3 million. Nonprofits, state governments, and the federal government have made various attempts to regulate these institutions more carefully. The Obama administration and the U. S. Department of Education are involved in an ongoing legal battle fighting to force more disclosure by for-profit colleges. Many state legislatures have proposed and passed  laws tightening the governments grip on these institutions. 1 Jordan Schulte 1btaining a higher education does not mean merely that one will be equipped with the skills necessary to compete in the global marketplace. Instead a student should also have the opportunity to learn for learning’s sake. College is a time when students have an opportunity to engross themselves in great texts, immerse themselves in topics that they may never encounter again in their professions, and to think critically about the world’s problems and what it means to be a good, ethical citizen in today’s global society. In fact, since the beginning of higher education in the United States, dating back to Harvard College in 1636, one of the stated purposes has been to prepare citizens for active involvement in community life. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson both pointed out the importance of creating informed and responsible citizens. In the early part of the twentieth century, John Dewey revolutionized the way we think about teaching and learning, arguing that educating is not just about filling receptors with tons of information. Rather, education is a combination of learning information and melding it with life experience. In my view, for-profit institutions are designed to ensure that the objectives of Franklin, Jefferson, and Dewey are not attained; and sometimes actively reversed. In for-profit colleges are taught and trained to follow strict rules, ingest textbooks tailor-made for the specific for-profit institution, complete uniform quizzes and essay 2 Jordan Schulte 2assignments, and remain quiet about the course material and presentation. What is the effect of this approach on the students? For the majority of students, there is tacit consent that they endure the regime simply to reach the end point: receiving a diploma. Some  demonstrate tacit consent by briefly showing up for class, perhaps for five minutes if the instructor is lucky, to ensure being marked present, and then dashing for the door. The strong complete the assignments with minimal effort to receive a grade and pass, whereas others may just give up at when faced with the challenge. THESE FOR-PROFIT COLLEGES MISLEAD THE GULLIBLE, WHO OFTEN CANNOT GET IN TO MORE ESTABLISHED SCHOOLS, INTO THINKING THAT A GLAMOROUS CAREER IN FASHION DESIGN, CULINARY ARTS OR RECORDING ENGINEERING IS JUST A FEW CLASSES AWAY. THERE IS NO COST TO THE STUDENT, AS HE BORROWS FROM THE GOVERNMENT. AND, BEFORE HE EVER GETS THE FIRST STATEMENT ON HIS LOAN, HE WILL RECEIVE A SUBSTANTIAL (SEVERAL THOUSAND DOLLAR) REFUNDABLE TAX CREDIT FOR HIS EXPENDITURES ON HIGHER EDUCATION. EVERYONE DOES NOT NEED TO GO TO COLLEGE. PERHAPS THE EXISTENCE OF THESE SCHOOLS IS A REFLECTION OF THE LACK OF PUBLICLY FUNDED VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS OR THE CONSTANT MEDIA MANTRA THAT ONLY THOSE WITH COLLEGE DEGREES CAN ACHIEVE THE AMERICAN DREAM. I WOULD PROPOSE THAT THESE SCHOOLS SHOULD EITHER BE CUT 3 Jordan Schulte 3OFF FROM FEDERAL LOAN FUNDING, OR, BETTER YET, BE PUT OUT OF BUSINESS. 4 Jordan Schulte 4.

Anorexia Nervosa :: essays research papers fc

Could you imagine being so afraid of food and the possibility of gaining weight that you would actually starve yourself? Food and eating are pleasures of everyday life we take for granted. Having the life of an Anorexic person fills you with the constant fear of one thing†¦.becoming fat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa are slowly gripping a part of the female adolescent to young adult population. Although, Anorexia Nervosa has only been public since the 1970’s, records of the disorder go back as far as 1689. Thomas Morton, an English physician, studied subjects with a disorder he called the â€Å"wasting† disease. He had two cases, which were very similar. One was an eight-teen yr. old girl and the other was a six-teen yr. old boy. Both subjects had similar symptoms. They both had a strong lack of appetite, sensitivity to coldness, and extreme sadness. The girl eventually starved herself to death; however, the boy did recover (Gordon 12-13).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through out the centuries there have been many cases of girls â€Å"fasting†, and not due to religious purposes. In the 1870’s the disorder became a topic of more medical concern. It happened around the time two doctors, Sir William Gull and Charles Lasegue, simultaneously published papers on a number of cases dealing with self-starvation (Alexander-Mott &Lumsden 101-102). Gull actually came up with the term Anorexia Nervosa, because he believed it was a nervous disease. Both doctors note four distinctive characteristics with each case. All of the patients experienced high levels of hyperactivity. Each of the patients denied the existence of the disorder. Also, they each had peculiar attitudes toward food. Finally, each patient had pathological family interactions (Gordon 13).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Years following Gull and Lasegue’s discoveries, research continued on this peculiar disorder. Unfortunately for a long period of time Anorexia was confused with Simmond’s Disease, an endocrine disorder. So, for awhile Anorexia sufferers were being prescribed the wrong medications, such as thyroid extracts (Gordon 14). Finally, in the 1930’s the two disorders were distinguished between.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1973 a woman who trained in psychoanalysis, named Bruch, wrote a book on eating disorders. Bruch had previously worked for three decades with Anorexic and obese patients. She observed that Anorexics had three main characteristics. The first was a distorted body image, a misperception of fat. The second was the inability to identify needs, particularly hunger, but also the whole range of emotions. The last characteristic was a feeling of ineffectiveness, lack of self-worth (Matthews 30).

Deception Point Page 67

As they walked to the elevator, the old man said, â€Å"Sometimes all it takes to unravel something is a single strand. Perhaps we can find a way to eat away at NASA's victory from within. Cast a shadow of distrust. Who knows where it will lead?† The old man locked his tired eyes on Sexton. â€Å"I am not ready to lay down and die, senator. And I trust nor are you.† â€Å"Of course not,† Sexton said, mustering resolve in his voice. â€Å"We've come too far.† â€Å"Chris Harper lied about fixing PODS,† the man said as he boarded the elevator. â€Å"And we need to know why.† â€Å"I will get that information as fast as I can,† Sexton replied. I have just the person. â€Å"Good. Your future depends on it.† As Sexton headed back toward his apartment, his step was a little lighter, his head a little clearer. NASA lied about PODS. The only question was how Sexton could prove it. His thoughts had already turned to Gabrielle Ashe. Wherever she was at the moment, she had to be feeling like shit. Gabrielle had no doubt seen the press conference and was now standing on a ledge somewhere getting ready to jump. Her proposition of making NASA a major issue in Sexton's campaign had turned out to be the biggest mistake of Sexton's career. She owes me, Sexton thought. And she knows it. Gabrielle already had proven she had a knack for obtaining NASA secrets. She has a contact, Sexton thought. She'd been scoring insider information for weeks now. Gabrielle had connections she was not sharing. Connections she could pump for information on PODS. Moreover, tonight Gabrielle would be motivated. She had a debt to repay, and Sexton suspected she would do anything to regain his favor. As Sexton arrived back at his apartment door, his bodyguard nodded. â€Å"Evening, senator. I trust I did the right thing by letting Gabrielle in earlier? She said it was critical she talk to you.† Sexton paused. â€Å"I'm sorry?† â€Å"Ms. Ashe? She had important information for you earlier tonight. That's why I let her in.† Sexton felt his body stiffen. He looked at his apartment door. What the hell is this guy talking about? The guard's expression changed to one of confusion and concern. â€Å"Senator, are you okay? You remember, right? Gabrielle arrived during your meeting. She talked to you, right? She must have. She was in there quite a while.† Sexton stared a long moment, feeling his pulse skyrocket. This moron let Gabrielle into my apartment during a private SFF meeting? She stuck around inside and then departed without a word? Sexton could only imagine what Gabrielle might have overheard. Swallowing his anger, he forced a smile to his guard. â€Å"Oh, yes! I'm sorry. I'm exhausted. Had a couple of drinks, too. Ms. Ashe and I did indeed speak. You did the right thing.† The guard looked relieved. â€Å"Did she say where she went when she left?† The guard shook his head. â€Å"She was in a big hurry.† â€Å"Okay, thanks.† Sexton entered his apartment fuming. How complicated were my goddamn directions? No visitors! He had to assume if Gabrielle had been inside for any length of time and then snuck out without a word, she must have heard things she was not meant to hear. Tonight of all nights. Senator Sexton knew above all he could not afford to lose Gabrielle Ashe's trust; women could become vengeful and stupid when they felt deceived. Sexton needed to bring her back. Tonight more than ever, he needed her in his camp. 79 On the fourth floor of the ABC television studios, Gabrielle Ashe sat alone in Yolanda's glass-walled office and stared at the fraying carpet. She had always prided herself on good instincts and knowing whom she could trust. Now, for the first time in years, Gabrielle felt alone, uncertain which way to turn. The sound of her cellphone lifted her gaze from the carpet. Reluctant, she picked up. â€Å"Gabrielle Ashe.† â€Å"Gabrielle, it's me.† She recognized the timbre of Senator Sexton's voice immediately, although he sounded surprisingly calm considering what had just transpired. â€Å"It's been one hell of a night over here,† he said, â€Å"so just let me talk. I'm sure you saw the President's conference. Christ, did we play the wrong cards. I'm sick over it. You're probably blaming yourself. Don't. Who the hell would have guessed? Not your fault. Anyhow, listen up. I think there may be a way to get our feet back under us.† Gabrielle stood up, unable to imagine what Sexton could be talking about. This was hardly the reaction she had expected. â€Å"I had a meeting tonight,† Sexton said, â€Å"with representatives from private space industries, and-â€Å" â€Å"You did?† Gabrielle blurted, stunned to hear him admit it. â€Å"I mean†¦ I had no idea.† â€Å"Yeah, nothing major. I would have asked you to sit in, but these guys are touchy about privacy. Some of them are donating money to my campaign. It's not something they like to advertise.† Gabrielle felt totally disarmed. â€Å"But†¦ isn't that illegal?† â€Å"Illegal? Hell no! All the donations are under the two-thousand-dollar cap. Small potatoes. These guys barely make a dent, but I listen to their gripes anyway. Call it an investment in the future. I'm quiet about it because, frankly, the appearances aren't so great. If the White House caught wind, they'd spin the hell out of it. Anyhow, look, that's not the point. I called to tell you that after tonight's meeting, I was talking to the head of the SFF†¦ â€Å" For several seconds, although Sexton was still talking, all Gabrielle could hear was the blood rushing in shame to her face. Without the slightest challenge from her, the senator had calmly admitted tonight's meeting with private space companies. Perfectly legal. And to think what Gabrielle had almost considered doing! Thank God Yolanda had stopped her. I almost jumped ship to Marjorie Tench! â€Å"†¦ and so I told the head of the SFF,† the senator was saying, â€Å"that you might be able to get that information for us.† Gabrielle tuned back in. â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"The contact from whom you've been getting all your inside NASA information these past few months? I assume you still have access?† Marjorie Tench. Gabrielle cringed knowing she could never tell the senator that the informant had been manipulating her all along. â€Å"Um†¦ I think so,† Gabrielle lied. â€Å"Good. There's some information I need from you. Right away.† As she listened, Gabrielle realized just how badly she had been underestimating Senator Sedgewick Sexton lately. Some of the man's luster had worn off since she'd first begun following his career. But tonight, it was back. In the face of what appeared to be the ultimate death blow to his campaign, Sexton was plotting a counterattack. And although it had been Gabrielle who led him down this inauspicious path, he was not punishing her. Instead, he was giving her a chance to redeem herself. And redeem herself she would. Whatever it took. 80 William Pickering gazed out his office window at the distant line of headlights on Leesburg Highway. He often thought about her when he stood up here alone at the top of the world. All this power†¦ and I couldn't save her. Pickering's daughter, Diana, had died in the Red Sea while stationed aboard a small navy escort ship, training to become a navigator. Her ship had been anchored in safe harbor on a sunny afternoon when a handmade dory loaded with explosives and powered by two suicide terrorists motored slowly across the harbor and exploded on contact with the hull. Diana Pickering and thirteen other young American soldiers had been killed that day. William Pickering had been devastated. The anguish overwhelmed him for weeks. When the terrorist attack was traced to a known cell whom the CIA had been tracking unsuccessfully for years, Pickering's sadness turned into rage. He had marched into CIA headquarters and demanded answers.

Race Unity Speech

However, how can we appreciate our differences and grow together as a country? In Beam's Inaugural speech, he said that:† We recall that what binds this nation together Is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. † In New Zealand, as a multi-Anton of Immigrants, It Is the same for us. Maybe our parents or grandparents are from other countries, maybe we have eyes In different colors, maybe we speak another language at home, but, now, at this time, we have the same name -nit is New Zealand.We can see kinds of culture every day without having to live our country. We have blue sky, pure air, vast grassland, delicious food and lovely Kiwi birds. How lucky living in such a comfortable country! I remember the time when I was on the plane. It was my first time in NZ, there was more excitement than worry. However, when I arrived in this country Just over a year ago. I saw people in different colors speaking different languages were walking past me. It felt like a silent movie, there was no sound and I was standing among the stream of people. I was lost, all of the exciting feelings were gone, there was fear only left.I cannot imagine how I can live in such a different environment and I know nothing about It. It was a long and sleepless night before the school began. Next morning when I stepped Into the classroom, I received a warm welcome and curious glance and nothing else. I found It was not as scared as I imagined. They are nice and patient. They are interested in my hometown and would talk about themselves to me. I really appreciate them giving me a suspicious start of my new life in NZ. Now there are more and more new faces joining us. I'd like to help them and share my experience with them , Just like how I eave been treated.So the circle will go on. As a country, the most important thing is tolerance. Just like NZ, she accepts all of us and mixes us together. The world is whole and wide, as it happens, it is u s who build up a country together. We need to use our thankful hearts and smiles to smooth over those differences, take away the insecurities and grow together as a country. What can we do to create a safe and inclusive society, characterized by racial equality and freedom from violence and abuse? An old Negro spiritual sang that: Free at last, Free at last, Thank God almighty, we are free at last!A short song but full of wishes of the black. Nowadays, no matter Maori or Europeans , western or eastern, rich or poor, we are all in NZ, we all have a dream that all men are created equal. Maybe in the past, there were wars between our birth countries but the world is peaceful now, we cannot still hold the ethnic hatred tightly and never forgive. It does not mean to forget the history but not regard others from the national point. We are the person who we are. The dark chapter of the history should not be put on our shoulders. That Is not fair for us, we are Innocent. I have learnt a art icle called Going for the bread†.It Is written by a Maori writer. It shows conflicts between Maori and Europeans. Some European girls say that the little Maori girl is dirty and even European mother Just shocks the door and less her get off with her dirty lies. A kid knows nothing but they can learn everything from their parents. There is also a story about a white mother and a black driver. When they take a taxi, the white daughter asks her mother why they are in different colors. The white mother answers her peacefully:† My dear, in order to make the world colorful, God lets us human beings be different colors. Such a different answer!Parents are our first and best teacher, they should be a good model. Thus it can be seen that to create an equal society, we need to Judge others by the content of their character. Can Treaty of Waiting help all New Slanderer have a sense of belonging and connectedness? If so, how? If not, why? I think the Treaty of Waiting can help all N ew Slanderer, however, time is changing, we are not in the same situation as before. We definitely need a treaty but a new version which is more suitable to this modern society. Do you have a proverb from your own ethnic or cultural background hat related to the theme?Meniscus has said:† The time is not important as the terrain; but the terrain is not as important as the unity with people. † On first March 2014, there was a serious mishap happened in Gumming China. At around 9:20 pm local time, a group of eight knife-wielding men and women attacked passengers at the city railway station. There were 29 people killed and 143 injured. According to the following research, those assailants are Shrug Muslim terrorists. After the attack, people from all over China are giving a hand to those victim's families and ray for them especially Gaining Province where the assailants come from.Even a Shrug boy, he run on a blood donation vehicle and said deeply sorry to the others but he did nothing worry. It is a small part who has discrimination to different ethnics and only a few bit people of the small part will take extreme action to hurt the innocent. As the same time we accuse the assailants, we cannot pour our anger on the people who are from the same place with the criminals. In the end, I want to say: I have a dream today, I hope with our effort, one day the war would end and let freedom ring from all over New Zealand.

How to Reference an Ebook †APA style

How to Reference an Ebook – APA style How to Reference an Ebook – APA Style Time makes fools of us all, even when it comes to referencing. As such, its a good thing that the American Psychological Association (APA) has updated its style guide to catch up with the internet. For example, it now has special rules for how to cite an ebook. Find out more by reading the rest of this post! APA Referencing and Citing an Ebook APA style referencing is commonly used in the social sciences and utilizes author–date in-text citations accompanied by a reference list, ordered alphabetically, in which full bibliographic details is provided. The format required for an e-book differs slightly from that used for print books, since youll need to include a DOI or URL where it can be found online: Surname, INITIALS (Year). Title. Retrieved from URL.com In your reference list, this would appear as: Author, A. N. (1995). Future books. Retrieved from ebooks.com/archive.html In-text citations for ebooks are simple to remember, as they’re identical to those used for print books, with the author name and date of publication provided in parentheses. Additional Considerations for Citing an Ebook†¦ There are two more things to keep in mind when referencing ebooks that does not apply to printed books. The first regards dates of publication. If the ebook you’re referencing is available in print or has its own publication date, use that date. If not, use the the term â€Å"n.d.† (an abbreviation of â€Å"no date†): Ternet, I. N., Author, A. N. (n.d.). The information superhighway. Retrieved from ebooks.com/index.html The second thing to remember is that, if applicable, details about the edition or DOI of the ebook you’re citing should be included in the reference list. For example, the Kindle edition of A. N. Author’s Future Books would appear as: Author, A. N. (1995). Future books. [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from ebooks.com/archive.html Hopefully this has clarified a few things about how to reference ebooks using APA style. For further helpful tips on a range of topics, don’t forget to check out the rest of our academic blog.

The Meaning of Myths, Folklore, Legends and Fairy Tales

The Meaning of Myths, Folklore, Legends and Fairy Tales The terms myth, folklore, legend, and fairy tale are often used interchangeably, leading to the misconception that they mean the same thing: fanciful tales. Although its true that these terms may refer to bodies of writing  that answer some of lifes basic questions or present commentary on morality,  each type presents a distinct reader experience. Theyve all stood the test of time, which speaks volumes about their ongoing hold on our imaginations. Myth A myth is a traditional story that may answer lifes overarching questions, such as  the origins of the world (the creation myth) or of a people. A myth can also be an attempt to explain mysteries, supernatural events, and cultural traditions.  Sometimes sacred in nature, a myth can involve gods or other creatures. It presents reality in dramatic ways. Many cultures have their own versions of common myths that  contain archetypal images and themes. One common myth that spans multiple cultures is that of a great flood. Myth criticism is used to analyze these threads in literature. A prominent name in myth criticism is that of the literary critic, professor, and editor Northrop Frye. Folklore and Folktale Whereas myth has at its core the origins of a people and is often sacred, folklore is a collection of fictional tales about people or animals. Superstitions and unfounded beliefs are important elements in the folklore tradition. Both myths and folklore were originally circulated orally. Folktales describe how the  main character copes with the events of everyday life, and the tale may involve crisis or conflict. These stories may teach people how to cope with life (or dying) and also have themes common among cultures worldwide. The study of folklore is called folkloristics.   Legend A legend is a story thats purported to be historical in nature but that is without substantiation. Prominent examples include King Arthur, Blackbeard,  and Robin Hood. Where evidence of historical figures, such as  King Richard, actually exists, figures such as  King Arthur  are legends due in large part to the many stories that have been created about them. Legend also refers to anything that inspires a body of stories or anything of lasting importance or fame. The story is handed down orally but continues to evolve with time. Much of early literature began as legend told and retold in epic poems that were passed down orally originally, then at some point written down. These include masterpieces such as the Greek Homeric Poems (The Iliad and The Odyssey), circa 800 BCE,  to the French Chanson de Roland, circa  1100 CE. Fairy Tale A fairy tale may involve fairies, giants, dragons, elves, goblins, dwarves, and other fanciful and fantastic forces. Although originally  not written for children, in the most recent century, many old fairy tales have been Disneyfied to be less sinister and to appeal to kids.  These stories have taken on lives of their own. In fact, many classic and contemporary books, such as Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast, and Snow White, are based on fairy tales. But read the original Grimm brothers fairy tales, for example, and youll be surprised at the endings and how they differ from the versions that you may have grown up with.

Revolt on the Nile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Revolt on the Nile - Essay Example Therefore it is prudent to say that the Nile shocks had been responsible for most of the social instabilities that existed at the time (Chaney). Throughout history, it is evident that partly the bad economic times have normally given way for liberalization and room for democratic changes that had been witnessed before. Despite this fact, not all changes along the democratic lines followed this line of thought. This is because of the rise of institutions which lead to support autocratic regimes like the religion through the religious leaders. Such institutions worked closely within the social frameworks and in agreement with the autocratic governments to suppress the people (Chaney). This therefore placed the religious institutions in determining the balance within the society in the manner they operate. This does not though have empirical data though its acts have been on record and can be proven. There is therefore a negative relationship between the Nile floods and the actions by the religious groups. This is because during the Nile floods the religious groups became stronger and since they worked closely with the oppressive governments of the day, they lead to the suffering of the people. This was strengthened further as the high judge had no probability of quitting office during such a time when the Nile outburst their banks. At the time when the Nile experienced the shocks, more religious institutions were formed and became stronger. As a result the political power of the religious leaders increased. This power made the high judge wield excessive power and exert such influence on the social hierarchy given that the political power itself was a product of the influence they possessed (Chaney). The Nile floods caused an environment of social unrest where the leaders such as the high judge could swim through heightened political power.